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CSharp
Java
most notably
- Java does not have properties or operator overloading
- Java does not have an unsafe mode permitting native pointer manipulation and unchecked arithmetic.
- Java has checked exceptions, while C# exceptions are unchecked, as in C++.
- C# has a goto control flow construct not found in Java.
- Java uses Javadoc-syntax comments to automatically generate documentation from source files. C# uses XML-based comments for this purpose.
- C# supports indexers and delegates.
- C# supports structures in addition to classes. Structures, known in the .NET Framework as value types, are comparable to C structures, in that they need not be heap(stack!?)-allocated and can limit the number of dereferences needed to access data;
since 2.0
- Generics or parametrized types. They differ from Java in that parametrized types are first-class citizens in the Virtual Machine, which allows for optimizations and preservation of the type information.
- Anonymous methods providing closure functionality.